Sensory integration describes the process of normal learning and development. Dr. A. Jean Ayres, PhD, OTR is the founder of sensory integration theory. A child needs to accurately receive sensory information and process that information in order to:
- Master new skills
- Understand how the body works in relation to the environment
- Interact with people and tools
Sensory Systems
The sensory systems are:
- Visual (sight)
- Auditory (sound)
- Tactile (touch)
- Vestibular (movement)
- Taste
- Smell
- Proprioception (joints and muscles)
Most children develop sensory integration skills though a normal developmental process. It is unknown what causes sensory integration dysfunction but it:
- Runs in families (in varying degrees)
- Is linked with babies who are born premature
- May coincide with the Autism spectrum disorders
- More likely occurs in medically fragile kids
- More likely occurs in kids who experience frequent surgeries or hospitalizations
Children who experience problems with sensory integration may experience difficulties with arousal state, organization, play behaviors, peer relationships and learning.
7/5/2006
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Symptoms of Poor Tactile (Touch) Processing
- Avoidance or irritation with clothing, textures, or tags
- Arches back when held
- Walks on tiptoes
- Insists on clean hands at all times
- Poor body awareness and physical boundaries
Symptoms of Poor Vestibular (Movement) Processing
- Avoids movement
- Fearful of steps / heights
- Props head or leans when sitting or standing
- Falls and trips often
- Rotates or twirls body frequently throughout the day
- Difficulty sitting still
- Poor rhythm and body movements
Symptoms of Poor Joint / Muscle (Proprioception) Processing
- Tires easily
- Demonstrates weak grasp
- Seeks out excessive jumping, running, climbing
- Grinds / clenches teeth
- Climbs to inappropriate places
- Bangs head
- Bites hands / wrists / arms
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