  Emotional Support
Affleck, G., Tennen, H., & Rowe J. (1991). Infants in crisis: How parents cope with newborn intensive care and its aftermath. New York: Springer- Verlag.
Blumberg, N.L. (1980). Effects of neonatal risk, maternal attitude, and cognitive style on early postpartum adjustment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 139- 150.
DeMier, R.L., Hynan, M.T., Harris, H.B., & Manniello, R.L. (1996). Perinatal stressors as predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress in mothers of infants at high- risk. Journal of Perinatology,16, 276- 280.
Gennaro, S. (1988). Postpartal anxiety and depression in mothers of term and preterm infants. Nursing Research, 37, 82-85.
Hynan, M. T. (1991). The perinatal stress composite: A validation study. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 1-3.
Jeffcoate, J. A., Humphrey, M. E. & Lloyd, J. K. (1979). Role perception and response to stress in fathers and mothers following pre-term delivery. Social Science Medicine, 13, 139-145.
Lobel, M. (1994). Conceptualizations, measurement, and effects of prenatal maternal stress on birth outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 17, 225-272.
Lobel, M., & Dundel-Schetter, C. (1990). Conceptualizing stress to study effects on health: Environmental, perceptual, and emotional components. Anxiety Research, 3, 213-230.
Lobel, M. Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Scrimshaw, S. C. M. (1992). The role of prenatal maternal stress in infant prematurity. Health Psychology, 11, 32-40.
Meyer, E. C., Garcia Coll, C. T., Seifer, R., Ramos, A., Kilis, E., & Oh, W. (1994). Psychological distress in mothers of preterm infants. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 16, 412-417.
Quinnell, F. A. & Hynan, M. T. (1996, November). Validity of the Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PPQ) Questionnaire. Paper presented at a meeting of the National Perinatal Association, Nashville, TN.
Thompson, R. J., Oehler, J. M., Catlett, A. T., & Johndrow, D. A. (1993). Maternal psychological adjustment to the birth of an infant weighing 1500 grams or less. Infant Behavior and Development, 16, 471- 485.
Adaptation
Klein SD. The challenge of communicating with parents. Development and Behavioral Pediatrics 14:184-191, 1993.
Drotar D, Baskiewicz A, Irvin N, Kennel J and Klaus M. The adaptation of parents to the birth of an infant with a congenital malformation: A hypothetical model. Pediatrics 56:710-717, 1975.
Blacher J. Sequential stages of parental adjustment to the birth of a child with handicaps: Fact or artifact? Mental Retardation 22:55-68, 1984.
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